南台灣小白鯨

bacterium

• a member of a large group of unicellular microorganisms that have cell walls but lack organelles and an organized nucleus, including some that can cause disease.
• Bacteria are widely distributed in soil, water, and air, and on or in the tissues of plants and animals. Formerly included in the plant kingdom, they are now classified separately (as prokaryotes). They play a vital role in global ecology, as the chemical changes they bring about include those of organic decay and nitrogen fixation. Much modern biochemical knowledge has been gained from the study of bacteria because they grow easily and reproduce rapidly in laboratory cultures.

   

• 細菌, (會產生疾病的)

bacteria 

• plural form of bacterium.

• usage: Bacteria is often mistakenly treated as a singular form, as in this sentence: the bacteria causing salmonella is killed by thorough cooking. But bacteria is the plural form (derived from Latin) of bacterium, and like any other plural, it should be used with the plural form of the verb. Hence, the sentence should read: the bacteria causing salmonella are killed by thorough cooking.

fungus

• any of a group of unicellular, multicellular, or syncytial spore-producing organisms feeding on organic matter, including molds, yeast, mushrooms, and toadstools.
• 真菌,  像是黴菌, 酵母菌, 蘑菇, 毒蕈

fungi 

• plural form of fungus.